MAVLink 开发人员指南
MAVLink是一种非常轻量级的消息传输协议, 用于地面控制终端（地面站）与无人机之间 (以及机载无人机组件之间) 进行通信。
Mavlink 遵循现代混合发布-订阅和点对点设计模式: 数据流作为 topics 发送/发布的, 而配置子协议 (如 路径点协议 或 参数协议）是基于重传机制的点对点模式。
Messages are defined within XML files. 每个xml文件对应一个特定的MAVLink系统，并为该系统定义了专属的消息集（亦被称之为“语支dialect”）。 大部分 地面站和自动驾驶仪所采用的“通用消息集”定义于 common.xml中 (大多数“语支”均是基于“通用消息集“构建 的：即，大多数“语支”所对应的xml文件里，均包含了common.xml) 。
Code generators create software libraries for specific programming languages from these XML message definitions, which can then be used by drones, ground control stations, and other MAVLink systems to communicate. The generated libraries are typically MIT-licensed, and can therefore be used without limits in any closed-source application without publishing the source code of the closed-source application.
The C reference implementation is a header-only library that is highly optimized for resource-constrained systems with limited RAM and flash memory. It is field-proven and deployed in many products where it serves as interoperability interface between components of different manufacturers. :::
MAVLink于2009年初由Lorenz Meier首次发布, 目前为止，已拥有数量可观的贡献者。
主要特性
- 高效性。 MAVLink 1每个数据包只有8个字节的开销, 包括起始标志和数据包丢弃检测。 MAVLink 2只有14个字节的开销 (但它是一个更安全且可扩展的协议)。 因为MAVLink不需要任何额外的帧, 所以它非常适合通信带宽非常有限的应用程序。
- 可靠性。 自2009年以来, MAVLink一直被用于多种载具、地面站 (和其他节点) 之间的通信，而这些通信信道中，不乏各种挑战性(如高延迟、噪声) 。 同时，Mavlink也具备检测数据包丢失、损坏和数据包身份验证的功能。
- Many different programming languages can be used, running on numerous microcontrollers/operating systems (including ARM7, ATMega, dsPic, STM32 and Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android and iOS).
- 单个网络上最多可容纳255个并行系统 (载具、地面站等)。
- 支持offboard和 onboard通信 (例如，地面站和无人机之间的通信（offboard）, 以及无人机自动驾驶仪与启用MAVLink的无人机摄像头之间的通信（onboard）)。
Language/Generator List
The sections below lists MAVLink generators and their associated programming languages.
MAVLink Project Generators/Languages
The MAVLink organisation provides (and supports) the mavgen, mavgenerate and rust-mavlink tools.
| 语言 | 生成器 | MAVLink v1 | MAVLink 2 | Signing | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | MAVLink project reference implementation. 可基于两个协议版本发布相应的生成库。 |
| C++11 | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Python (2.7+, 3.3+) | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Python bindings. Library also available on PyPi: pymavlink. |
| C# | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Objective C | mavgen | ✓ | |||
| Java | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | Dronefleet offers a more idiomatic generated library | |
| JavaScript (Stable) | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | Old mavgen JavaScript binding (has known bugs and no test suite). |
| JavaScript (NextGen) | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | New mavgen JavaScript library. Full test suite, resulting library produces binary compatible output compared to C bindings. Slightly incompatible with previous version, but not hard to migrate. |
| TypeScript/JavaScript | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | TypeScript classes which can be used with node-mavlink. |
| Lua | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | Lua library. Does not support zero trimming of MAVLink 2 messages. |
| WLua (Wireshark Lua bindings) | mavgen | ✓ | ✓ | NA | Allow MAVLink-aware packet inspection in Wireshark. Generated lua scripts should be copied to the Wireshark plugin directory (e.g. wireshark/plugins/mavlink.lua). |
| Swift | mavgen | ✓ | |||
| Rust | rust-mavlink | ✓ | ✓ | Rust MAVLink generated code. Has tests and docs. | |
| Ada | mavgen | ✓ |
External Generators/Languages
The following generators are delivered by independent projects (and supported by those projects).
| 语言 | 生成器 | MAVLink v1 | MAVLink 2 | Signing | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | fastMavlink | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | Highly efficient C library with python code generators. Has docs, examples, test, support for routing and mavgen mimicry. |
| Clojure | clj-mavlink | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Clojure MAVLink Bindings. |
| Dart | dart_mavlink | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | MAVLink library for Dart. |
| Go | gomavlib | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Go library with support for MAVLink 1, 2 and signing, test suite, and documentation |
| Go | go-mavlink1 | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | Golang MAVLink v1 |
| Haskell | HaskMavlink | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | |
| Java | dronefleet/mavlink | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Idiomatic Java SDK/API for MAVLink. Provides a gradle plugin for the code generator. |
| TypeScript/JavaScript/npm | node-mavlink | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | TypeScript code generator for data classes with tools to receive and send messages. Getting started guide and inline JSDoc, along with some examples. |
| Kotlin | mavlink-kotlin | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Uses codegen instead of reflection for performance with Coroutines, RxJava2 and RxJava3 support. Provides a code generator Gradle plugin. |
预建的基于C语言的MAVLink库
C MAVLink Source Files (only) are auto-generated for the latest versions of all message specifications/dialects (for both MAVLink 1 and 2):
- c_library_v2 (MAVLink 2)
- c_library_v1 (MAVLink 1)
Using C Libraries explains how to use these libraries.
支持
The Support topic contains information about the mailing list, reporting bugs/issues, and joining the dev call.
参与贡献
The Contributing Guide explains the contribution model and the main areas where you can help.
许可证
The message definition XML files and the generated C-language version of MAVLink (a header-only library) are made available under the MIT-licence. MAVLink can therefore be used in any closed-source application without publishing the source code of the closed-source application. See the COPYING file for more information.
The MAVLink generator toolchain is licensed under the terms of the Lesser General Public License (version 3) of the Free Software Foundation (LGPLv3).
This documentation is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (Human readable overview | LICENSE).
管理
The MAVLink protocol is hosted under the governance of the Dronecode Project.
